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The Six Core Components of a Jaw Crusher

Release time:

2025-10-22 13:57

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The jaw crusher is one of the most widely used mineral processing equipment, employed for crushing ore materials in stone production lines and mineral processing plants. It is the optimal equipment for both coarse and fine crushing of materials. Regular maintenance and upkeep of the jaw crusher can ensure its stable and efficient operation. To properly maintain the equipment, it’s essential first to understand its structure. In this article, Xinhai Machinery introduces the six key components of a jaw crusher:

1. Transmission components

The eccentric shaft is the main shaft of the crusher, subjected to significant bending and torsional forces. It is made from high-carbon steel. The eccentric section must undergo precision machining, heat treatment, and be lined with Babbitt alloy for bearing bushings. One end of the eccentric shaft is fitted with a pulley, while the other end is equipped with a flywheel.

2. Rack

The frame is a rigid four-sided structure with open top and bottom, designed to support the eccentric shaft and withstand the reaction forces generated by the crushed material. It must possess sufficient strength and rigidity. Typically, it is cast as a single piece from cast steel; for smaller machines, high-quality cast iron can be used as a substitute for cast steel. For large-scale machines, the frame needs to be cast in sections and then securely joined together using bolts to form a monolithic structure—a process that involves complex casting techniques. For small jaw crushers made in-house, the frame can also be fabricated by welding thick steel plates; however, such frames tend to have lower rigidity.

3. Jaw plate and side guards

Both the fixed jaw and the moving jaw consist of a jaw bed and a jaw plate. The jaw plate is the working part and is secured to the jaw bed by bolts and wedge irons. For the fixed jaw, the jaw bed serves as the front wall of the frame; for the moving jaw, the jaw bed is suspended from the frame. The jaw bed must have sufficient strength and rigidity to withstand the crushing reaction forces, and therefore is typically made of cast steel or cast iron.

4. Flywheel

The flywheel of a jaw crusher is used to store energy during the return stroke of the moving jaw, which is then released during the working stroke to ensure smoother and more uniform machine operation. The pulley also serves as a flywheel to some extent. Flywheels are typically made of cast iron or cast steel; in small-scale machines, the flywheel is often manufactured as an integral unit. When installing such a flywheel, it’s important to ensure static balance.

5. Lubrication device

Eccentric shaft bearings typically employ centralized circulating lubrication. The support surfaces of the eccentric shaft and thrust plate are generally lubricated with grease applied manually using a grease gun. Since the swing angle of the moving jaw is relatively small, lubrication between the eccentric shaft and the bearing bushings can be challenging. Therefore, several axial oil grooves are often cut at the bottom of the bearing bushings, with a circumferential oil groove running through the middle to connect these grooves. A grease pump is then used to forcibly inject dry grease for lubrication.

6. Adjustment device

Adjusting devices include wedge-type, shim-type, and hydraulic types. Generally, the wedge-type is used, consisting of two wedges—one front and one rear. The front wedge can move back and forth to press against the rear pusher plate; the rear wedge serves as the adjusting wedge and can move up and down. The inclined surfaces of the two wedges are designed to fit closely together. By means of a screw, the rear wedge is moved vertically to adjust the size of the discharge opening. In small jaw crushers, adjustment of the discharge opening is achieved by adding or removing shims between the rear pusher plate support and the frame.

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The Six Core Components of a Jaw Crusher

The jaw crusher is one of the most widely used mineral processing equipment, employed for crushing ore materials in stone production lines and mineral processing lines. It is the optimal equipment for both coarse and fine crushing of materials. Regular daily maintenance and upkeep of the jaw crusher can ensure its stable and efficient operation. To properly maintain the equipment, it’s essential first to understand its structure. In this article, Xinhai Machinery introduces the six key components of a jaw crusher:

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